State Coach

The carosse (state coach) is a four wheel enclosed carriage, much in use in the 17th century. The front and hind axles are connected by one single perch. There are wooden pillars attached to the axles, from which braces extend to the coach body (which is sometimes equipped with elbow-springs). After 1700 the carosse was more and more displaced by the lighter berlin, but it was still built and used by european courts as high-class ceremonial vehicle.

Sedan Chair

A chair supported between two poles and carried by two men. Closed sedan chairs were smaller, more manoeuvrable and therefore better suited to city traffic than the heavier carriages. Open sedan chairs served to transport high-ranking personages (especially women) within the palaces. In the second half of the 19th century they became outdated and completely disappeared.

Sjees (Dutch)

The Dutch type of a chaise, a light and elegant open two-wheel vehicle used in the 18th and 19th century. They were driven with one horse, by exception with two. There were different varieties used in the Dutch provinces. In Friesland the festive tradition of sjees-riding in traditional costumes is still alive.

Salisbury boot

A boot of curved form covered with leather, or a paneled box, painted, placed on the front gearing under the driver´s seat. In the 19th century it was much in fashion for dress carriages of the aristocracy.

Sociable

litt. "John Pleasure", large open carriage used for private group transport, mostly for recreation.

S-spring

Shoe

An iron or wooden box placed under the wheel of  a vehicle, and attached to the vehicle by a chain, to prevent the wheel from rolling when going down a hill.